1.What is a hydrocarbon?
A hydrocarbon is carbon and hydrogen bond.
3.What characteristic of petroleum make it a valuable resource?
When burning petroleum it creates energy, which is used in cars
5.What is meant by saying oil is crude?
That it is in its natural state
6. On average, the United States uses about 20 million barrels of petroleum daily
a. What is the average number of barrels of petroleum used daily in the United states for building (Nonfuel) purposes?
4%
b.How many barrels of petroleum on average are burned as fuel daily in the US?
89%
7.Name several fuels obtained from cruse petroleum
gasoline
8.List four household items made from petroleum
CDs, sport equipment
b.What materials could be substituted for each of these four household items if petroleum were not abatable to make them?
Aluminum, CDs and eater bottles. Renewable bioplastic, can replace petroleum plastic
10. a. Which world region has the most petroleum reserves relative to its population?
Middle east
b. Which region has the least petroleum reserves relative to its population
Central asia, far eat, and oceanic, it has 3508 million people but only4.2 percent reserves
11. a.Which region consume a greater proportion of the worlds supply of petroleum than they possess?
North America
b.Which region consume a smaller proportion of the world's supply of petroleum than they possess?
Africa
12. Under what conditions could density be used to separate two different liquids?
If they do not form a solution if they are mixed
13.A mixture of which two of the substances listed would be the easiest to separate from each other by distillation? Explain your reasoning
Asitone and water, because they have different boiling points
15. Referring to table 3.1, sketch a graph of the distillation of a mixture of acetone and water. lable its key features
Look at chart
16. How does fractional distillation differ from simple distillation?
It doesn't separate each compound, it just changes the form of it.
17. Petroleum fractions include light, intermediate, and heavy distillates and residues. List three useful products derived from each of these three fractions.
Light: aviation gasoline and motor gasoline
Intermediate: Gas oil, petrochemicals, Kerosene
Heavy distillates: Lubrication oil grease heavy oils and wax
residues: Lubricating oil and fuel oil, petroleum jelly, road oil and asphalt
18. Where in a distillation tower- top middle or bottome- would you expect the fraction with the highest boiling point range to be removed? why?
At the bottom is the highest boiling point, so everything that has a high boiling point would be evaporated at the bottom, and as it goes up higher it decreases, so at the top would have the lowest boiling point.
19. After fractional distillation, each graviton is still a mixture. Suggest a way to further separate the componets of each graviton
You can devised by pressure
20. Rank the following straight-chain hydrocarbons from their lowest boiling point t their highest: hexane, methane, pentane, and octane. Explain you racking in terms of intermolecular forces
Methane, pentane, haxane, octane
21. What is a covalent bond?
A covalent bond is when two elements combined and share electrons
22. Why do atoms with filled outer electron shells not form covalent bonds?
Because they are balanced or stables. Because they are a noble gases
23. It has been suggested that a covalent bond linking two atoms is like two dogs tugging on the same sock. Explain how this analogy describes the way that shared electrons hold together atoms in a covalent bond.
This is like a covalent bond because they are sharing the bone, and covalent bonds share electrons.
26. a. What information does a structural formula convey that a molecular formula does now?
How many electrons, and boiling pint
b. What was is a structural formula an inadequate representation of an actual molecular
Because the other two are shown in the inner shell
27. Chose a branched six- carbon hydrocarbon molecule
a. Draw a lewis dot structure to represent its structure.
b. Draw a structural formula for the same molecule
28. Each carbon atom has six total electrons. Why, then, does the electron- dot representation of a carbon atom show only four dots?
Because the rest of the electrons are in the inner layer
29Use the general molecular formula to write the molecular formula for an alkane containing
a. C9H20
B.C16H34
C. C10H22
D. C18H38
30. Calculate the molar mass of each alkane list in question 29
a.74
b.130
c.82
d.146
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